Library-of-the-Blind

Tactile and Haptic Modalities

Physical and tactile technologies that provide access to information through touch.

Refreshable Braille Displays

Electronic devices that dynamically display Braille characters using pins that raise and lower.

By Language

Major Manufacturers

Talking-Touch Devices

Portable computing devices that combine Braille display and speech output.

Examples

3D Printed Models

Three-dimensional tactile representations of objects, diagrams, and concepts.

Applications

By Language/Region

Tactile Graphics

Raised-line diagrams, maps, and illustrations that can be felt.

Types

Applications

Standards

Embossed Diagrams

Physical raised-line graphics created through embossing.

Production Methods

Experimental and Technological Systems

Advanced tactile technologies that use alternative methods to convey information through touch.

Vibrotactile Alphabets

Optacon Letter Recognition

Electrotactile Displays

Counting Methodology

1 per language-modality pair

Examples:

Notes